Time Line:
Political events during The Reformation in Europe 1493-1621.
This is only a snapshot of a hugely busy period
throughout Europe and beyond. If copying/printing off do so in landscape.
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Holy Roman Empire |
Papacy
& Italian states. |
France |
Spain |
Year |
Portugal |
Netherlands |
Austria
(HRE) |
Turkey
|
Hungary |
|
Maximilian of Austria (and
Netherlands) Emperor. |
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1493 |
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Philip son of Emperor Maxmilian
governor. |
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Italy invaded by France |
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1494 |
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League of the Empire. Milan and
Venice taken from France. |
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War with HRE in Italy. |
Treaty of Tordesillias Spain &
Portugal agree to divide unexplored world. |
1495 |
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Hapsburg Spanish marriages |
1496 |
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Commercial treaty with England. |
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Creation of Aulic Council |
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1497 |
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Charles VIII invades Italy,
seizes Florence.
Savonarola executed.
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1498 |
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Take Lepanto from Venice |
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French invade take Milan. |
Louis XII invades Milan |
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1499 |
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Charles V born |
Sicily reunited. |
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1500 |
Emanuel I 1495-1521
Vasco de Gama discovers India.
Brazil discovered.
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Naples taken by France and Spain
who then fight one another. |
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1501 |
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Moors expelled from Spain. |
1502 |
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Peace with Venice |
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Julius II – 1513 |
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1503 |
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Treaty of Blois. Milan to
France. |
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Treaty of Blois, receives Milan. |
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1504 |
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1505 |
Viceroy in Ceylon |
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1506 |
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Charles (V) succeeds father
Philip. Mother regent. |
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1507 |
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Guelderland invades Holland and
Brabant. |
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War with HRE |
Ferdinand V in League with
France and Empire vs France |
1508 |
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Joins League of Cambrai |
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1509 |
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1510 |
Take Goa |
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Holy League against France |
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1511 |
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Empire divided into Ten
admin.Circles. |
Julius II annexes Piacenza and
Parma.
5th Lateran Council
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1512 |
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Subdue Moldavia |
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Leo X – 1521 |
Alliance with Venice, defeated
by Swiss and driven from Italy. 1514. |
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1513 |
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1514 |
Rule Malaya |
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Battle of Chaldiran Start of
wars with Persia. |
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Francis I King. |
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1515 |
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Defeat Persians. Conquer
Azerbaijan an Kurdistan |
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Luther`s Theses. at
Wittenberg |
Sale of Indulgences an issue. |
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Charles I king. |
1517 |
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Subjugates Palestine and Syria |
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Charles V ( I of Spain) Emperor |
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Charles I becomes Emperor. |
1519 |
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Field of the Cloth of Gold |
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1520 |
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Soliman the Magnificent height
of powers. |
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Diet of Worms |
Joins Emperor vs France. |
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1521 |
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Clement VII. – 1534 |
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1523 |
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Peasants War – Germany |
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1524 |
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Francis I captured at Pavia.
(Italy). |
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1525 |
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Holy League of Cognac. vs
Emperor. |
Gives up claims in Italy
and Flanders |
Treaty of Madrid |
1526 |
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Battle of Mohacs,Turk victory
ends Hungarian independence. |
John Zapolya King of Magyars. |
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Invaded. Rome sacked.
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1527 |
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Protest at Speyers. |
Treaty of Barcelona with Emperor. |
Siege of Vienna by Turks. |
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1529 |
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Treaty of Gorichen between
Emporer and Egmont of Guelderland. |
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Besieges Vienna |
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Charles V crowned Emperor at
Bologna. |
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Peace of Cambrai, France
relinquishes Italy to Spain. |
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1530 |
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1532 |
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Marches vs Charles V,2nd
invasion Vienna |
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1533 |
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Peace with Turkey |
Peace with Austria. |
Hungary divided with Ferdinand
I and Zapolya |
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Henry VIII breaks with Rome.
Jesuits founded.
Paul III – 151549.
|
Protestants night of the
placards. 24 October. |
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1534 |
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Takes Baghdad. |
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Conquers Tunis.; takes Milan. |
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Alliance with Turks vs Charles
V. |
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1535 |
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Treaty with France Strong sea
power |
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Savoy and Turin. taken.
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1536 |
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Genoa and Venice unite vs Turks. |
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1538 |
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Barbarossa naval victory ar
Actium, Venice surrenders. |
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1540 |
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Revolt of Ghent suppressed. |
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Soliman supportd Hungary vs
ferdinand defeats him. |
Zapoyla dies.son John Sigismund
ruler. |
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Inquisition and censorship of
printing established in Rome. |
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1542 |
Discovery of japan. |
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Alliance with France vs Charles
V |
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War with France in Netherlands |
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1543 |
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France and Empire fighting. |
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Council of Trent 1545- 63 |
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1545 |
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League with Paul III. |
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1546 |
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1547 |
Inquisition established. |
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5 year truce |
Turkish Hungary
formed.Sigismund Prince of transylvania. |
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1548 |
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1548-53 war with Ferdinand. |
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Julius III – 1555 |
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1550 |
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Maurice of Saxony declares for
Protestants. |
Treaty Chambord15 Jan. Supports
Lutheran princes. |
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1552 |
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Philip marries Mary Tudor |
1554 |
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Peace of Augsburg.allows
Lutheranism in Germany. Charles V abdicates favour or brother Ferdinand I |
Induces Henry IV to secede from
Spanish alliance. |
Split with Spain |
Philip receives sovereignty of
Spain. |
1555 |
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War in Italy vs Spain until
1567.
Paul IV – 1559.
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War with Papacy in Italy. |
1556 |
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Alva at Rome |
Edict of Compiegne , July, vs
Calvinists. |
Spain dominant in Italy |
1557 |
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French retake Calais. 8 Jan. |
Mary QoS married Dauohin Francis
24 April. |
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1558 |
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Peace of Cateau Cambresis;
City states divided up.
Pius IV – 1565
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Peace with England and Spain |
Peace with England and France. |
1559 |
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Colloquy of Poissy. |
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1561 |
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Peace of Prague with Turks |
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First War of religion; on/off
till 1598 |
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1562 |
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Peace with Austria |
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Council Trent closed – |
Peace of Amboise |
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1563 |
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Maxmilian Emperor |
Papal Bull breach with
Reformers. |
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1564 |
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1565 |
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Invade Malta |
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Pius V– 1572 Missions to
Far East and America |
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1566 |
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Icinoclastic violence. Philip of
Spain exacts revenge on Flemish Protestants. Inquisition established |
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Aegean Islands conquered.
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Turkey invades. Soliman
killed. |
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1567 |
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Revolt quelled by Alva |
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Peace with Turkey. |
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1568 |
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Military despotism under Alva. |
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Peace with Austria |
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1569 |
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Astrakhan attacked; loss.
Conflict with Russia. |
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Venice war with Turks |
Treaty of St Germaine 8 Aug. |
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1570 |
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War with Venice.; take Cyprus |
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Holy League Spain Rome and
venice against Turks Naval victory Lepanto. |
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Holy League against Turks |
1571 |
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War with Holy League. s. |
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Gregory XIII – 1585. |
St Bartholomew Day massacre 24
August. |
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1572 |
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`Sea beggars` take Flushing and
Brill
Revolt in north. Huegenot army from France
decimated 17 July..
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Venice makes peace with Turks |
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1573 |
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Alva recalled,
Siege of Haarlem
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Austria takes Tunis. |
Peace with Venice. Keep Cyprus |
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French leave Piedmont |
Spain leaves Piedmont |
1574 |
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Siege of Leyden.
university founded. |
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Retakes Tunis, ravage Sicily.
Moldavia overrun.
Murad III
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1575 |
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Union of Holland and Zealand
under William of Orange. |
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Rudolph II Emperor |
Plague in Italy
Calvinist preachers expelled Palatinate.
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Peace of beaulieu 6 May.
Catholic League formed by Guise
family
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Sack Antwerp |
1576 |
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Antwerp sacked , Don John of
Austria governor. Pacification of Ghent.. |
Restriction on Austrian
Protestants |
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Sixth Religious War., massacre
at La Charite sur Loire.
Peace of Bergerac.
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1577 |
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1578 |
Attacks Morocco
Henry I king.
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Spanish rule in south. |
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Portugal attacks. Turko –
Persian War to 1590. |
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Union of Utrecht. |
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1579 |
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Walloon provinces reconciled to
Spain. North forms Republic. Union of Utrecht founds Dutch Republic. |
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Grand Vizier Sokolli dies;
decline of Turkish Empire begins. |
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Huguenots of Montauban
revolt. |
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1580 |
Philip II of Spain invades, becomes King. |
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Capitulates to Britain,and
Fance.in 1581. |
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1581 |
1581-1640 under control of
Spain. |
States General depose Philip. |
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Gregorian Calendar introduced. |
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1582 |
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Ernst Bohemia Elector
Cologne.Prohibits Ptotestantism. |
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Alencon,youngest son of
Catherine de Medici died 10 June. |
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1584 |
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Maurice of Nassau Stadtholder. |
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Holy League with Spain and
France
Sixtus V – 1590
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Holy League
Treaty of Nemours 7 July. |
Holy League |
1585 |
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Fall of Antwerp. |
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Catholic outrage at exec Mary
QoS ,18 Feb. |
Philip enlists French help –
ports and supplies for Armada |
1587 |
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Duke d de Guise
,Cardinal de Bourbon murdered, Dec 23-24. |
Spanish Armada defeated.by
English. |
1588 |
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Henry III and Navarre allies
Henry assassinated 2 August.. |
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1589 |
English invade. |
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1590 |
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Army reorganised..
Maurice takes Breda.
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1591 |
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Peasant unrest |
Invades Hungary |
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Clement VIII – 1605 |
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1592 |
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War with Turkey -1606. |
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Henry IV becomes Catholic.
again. 23 july. |
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1593 |
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War with Turkey |
War with Austria |
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Assistance for war vs Turks
witheld by Protestant princes. |
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1594 |
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Revolt in Wallachia,
Transylvania , Moldavia. Turks massacred. |
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1595 |
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Alliance with Netherlands and
England |
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1596 |
Sack of Cadiz |
Alliance with France and England |
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Clement claims estate of dec.
Duke of Ferrara |
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1597 |
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Catholic ascendancy Austria. |
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Edict of Nantes.
Protestants liberty of worship. End of religious
wars.
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Philip III 1598-1621 |
1598 |
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Philip cedes Netherlands to
Austria |
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Second Armada beaten back by
storms. |
1599 |
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1600 |
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Maurice takes Nieupoort |
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Treaty of Lyons gain Burgundian
possessions. |
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1601 |
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Maurice takes Sluys. Ostend
besieged by Austrians. |
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Edict of banishment on
Protestants in Bohemia |
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1602 |
Dutch East India Co founded. |
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Peace with England. |
1604 |
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Spinola takes Ostend. |
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Catholic revival. |
Paul V – 1625; Venice
acknowledges superiority. |
Catholic revival |
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1605 |
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1606 |
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Peace with Austria |
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1607 |
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Defeat Spanish fleet at
Gibraltar. |
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Diet of Regensburg. Protestant
Union formed. |
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1608 |
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Hague Congress |
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Catholic League under Duke of
Bavaria |
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Twelve Year Truce with
Nehterlands |
1609 |
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Twelve Year Truce with Spain who
recognise Holland`s independence. |
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Henry IV assassinated. |
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1610 |
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Internal religious and political
troubles. |
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Savoy war with Spain |
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War with Savoy |
1613 |
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Thirty Years War begins. |
1618 |
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National Synod at Dordrecht. |
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Gregory XV |
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War with Holland. |
1621 |
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War with Spain |
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