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The English Reformation after the Wars of the Roses
(1455-1485).
|
Date |
Event |
Reign |
Abp.
Canterbury |
Pope |
Contemporary events |
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1485
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Wars of
Roses ends.
Henry Tudor proclaimed King
|
Henry
VII
1485-1509
|
John Morton
1486-1500
|
Innocent III 1484
|
|
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1490
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John Colet (1467-1519) leader of
reform movement at Oxford, Dean of St Pauls.
|
|
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Alexander VI 1492
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1494 Sebastian Brandt publishes
Narranschiff.
Melanchthon born 16 February 1497
23 May 1498
Savonarola (1452-98) burnt.
|
|
1503-32
|
Margaret
Tudor marries James IV of Scotland.
Persecutions of Lollards begins.
|
|
Henry Deane 1501-03. Wm.Warham
1503-32
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Pius III 1503
Julius III 1503
|
|
|
1509
|
Henry
VIII marries Catharine of Arragon.
|
Henry
VIII
1509-47
|
|
|
Calvin born
10 July 1509
1510
Erasmus publishes Praise of Folly.
Jacques Lefevre preaching in
Paris and at Sorbonne.
Wm Briconnet, Bp Meaux, reforming
his see.
1513 Flodden. James IV Scotland
killed.
|
|
1514
|
Peace
with Scotland and France.
Richard Hun murdered.
|
|
|
Leo X
1513
|
|
|
1515
|
Thomas Wolsey Lord Chancellor
and Cardinal
|
|
|
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Teresa of Avila (1515-82) born.
Spanish mystic, ReformedCarmelites. Mysticism
disliked by Church of Rome as it does away with the priest.
Louis XII d 1 Jan 1515
Francis I King of France.
|
|
1516
|
Erasmus
Greek Testament published.
Sir Thomas More publishes Utopia.
|
|
|
|
|
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1517 – 19
|
|
|
|
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1517 Luther`s Thesis.posted
at Wittenburg.
1518 Zwingli preaches at Zurich.
1519 Erasmus publishes 2nd edn. of Greek Testament
1519 Alexander Barclay publishes Ship of Fools.
Beza born
24 June 1519.
July 1519 Luther rejects
supremacy of Pope and infallibility of general councils.
Charles V, nephew of Catharine of
Arragon, Emperor.
Zwingli begins preaching his
“Evangelical Truth.”
|
|
1520
|
Henry
meets Francis I of France on “The Field of the Cloth of Gold” Calais.
Achieves nothing.
Wolsey commits to support of Spain against France.
|
|
|
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1520 Luther publishes Babylonish
Captivity of the Church |
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1521
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Henry
VIII writes against Luther, given title Defender of the Faith.
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|
|
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1521 Luther at Diet of Worms commits
himself irrevocably.
Luther
Excommunicated.
1522
Luther pub. New Testament. in German
Lefevre has NT pub in French. Oct.
|
|
1523
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Suppression of small monasteries by Wolsey
|
|
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Adrian VI 1522
Clement VII 1523
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Clement VI a reformer in Church of
Rome.
Luther publishes
translation of New Testament
21 Sept. 1523.
Zurich
accepts Zwingli and “Evangelical Truth”. Romanists rejected.
NT in French, one vol. pub at Meaux
12 Oct 1524.
1524-5 Widespread discontent leads to The
Peasant`s War in Germany.
|
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1525
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Bulk supplies of forbidden books
inc.
Tyndale`s English New Testament just published.
Thos. Garret distributor.
|
|
|
|
21 Jan 1525, Anabaptists
rejected in Zurich and create their own free church.
Psalms of David in French.
|
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1526
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11 Feb. Amid great pomp Wolsey and 36 bishops,
abbots, priors supervise burning of Tyndale`s New Testament
at St Pauls,
|
|
|
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11 June 1526, Luther married
Catherine de Bora, a former nun.
25 June Diet of Speyers met.
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1527
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Henry
VIII application to the Pope for a divorce.
|
|
|
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Charles V holds Rome.
|
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1528
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Henry VIII`s Oration to the People.
John Raimund or Ruremonde of
Amsterdam pubr.1500 copies 4th Edn New Testament, Imported 500 to England.
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|
|
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June-Sep Sweating sickness in
England.2000 die in London alone.
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1529
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Sir Thomas More Chancellor. Break
with church – first layman for ca 120 years.
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|
|
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1529 Diet of Speyer, origin of title
Protestant after `protestors` there.
Tyndale and Fryth
pub. translations of Genesis and Deuteronomy.
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1530
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Thomas Hitton arrested and burnt 20
Feb.1530,for trafficking New Testament
Wolsey dismissed; dies 28 November
1530.
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|
|
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1530
Lutheran princes Confession of Faith made at Augsburg.
Defensive league at Smalkald.
1530
Antwerp Bible pub.
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1531
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Submission of the clergy.
Bilney burnt.
Richard
Bayfield, priest, monk, bookseller, degraded and burnt.
|
|
|
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1531 Protestants vs Romanaists war – Zwingli killed at Kappel
in October.
Oecolampadius d
5,11.1532 in Basle.
|
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1533
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Cranmer
& Gardiner pronounce Henry`s marriage to Catherine null and void.
|
|
Thomas Cranmer
1533-53.
|
|
|
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1534
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Papal Bull against divorce of Henry
& Catherine of Arragon
9 June 1534 Papal
authority
abolished
First
Reformed Primer published.
|
|
|
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1534
Society of Jesus founded by Ignatius of Loyola.(1491 or 1496-1556)
All Catholic ordinands pass through his Spiritual Exercises –
a 4 week retreat of meditation and instruction.
1534 First complete German Luther
Bible at Wittenberg.
|
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1535
|
Sir Thomas More exec.6 July.
Thomas
Cromwell appointed Vicar-General,
First complete printed bible (Coverdale`s).
Visitations of the monasteries.
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|
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Paul III
1534
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Calvin`s
Institutes published.
Paul III initiates reform of Church,
Calvin`s cousin Pierre Olivetan
pub. Neuchatel Bible, basis for definitive Geneva Bible in 1588.
|
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1536
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Suppression of lesser monasteries
Henry VIII devises his Book of Articles.
Injunctions against Holy Days.
Northern rising on religious issues.
Kings supremacy confirmed.
|
|
|
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Wm. Tyndale (1492-1536) strangled and burnt at Vilvorde.
Erasmus dies
(1466-1536)
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1537
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Pilgrimage of Grace. Royal Licence to Matthews Bible.
|
|
|
|
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1538
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Pope
excommunicates and deposes Henry VIII.
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|
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1539
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The
Great Bible (revison of Matthew Bible by Coverdale) pub. Suppression of all monasteries.
Act of the Six Articles.
|
|
|
|
|
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1540
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Thomas Cromwell executed
28 July.
Garret preacher &
bookseller burnt
|
|
|
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1540 Pope recognises Society of
Jesus
1541 Clement Marot
produces Psalms in metre.
1542 Calvin`s ecclesiastical polity
in Geneva.
|
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1543
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Tyndale`s translation prohibited.
|
|
|
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1542 Inquisition revived in Italy,
deterrent against spread of Protestantism.
20 more Psalms by Marot. Psalter
pub. in Geneva.
|
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1544
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Introduction of English Litany
|
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1545
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The
King`s Primer
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|
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1545 Ship Mary Rose sank
Council of Trent first session 1545-7;- the Counter-Reformation begins.
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1546
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Anne
Askew and others burnt for denying- transubstantiation.
Many books prohinited inc.
Tyndale`s and Coverdale`s translations.
|
|
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Death of Luther
18 Feb. 1546.
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The Protestant Protectorate 1547-1553.
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1547
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Duke of
Somerset Protector. Visitation of churches and Injunctions issued.
First
Book of Homilies. Preaching of Latimer, Hooper, Ridley, Knox, Bradford.
|
Edward
VI
1547-53
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1547-53 Peter Martyr at Oxford; Martin Bucer and Paul Fagius at
Cambridge.
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1548
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Introduction of English Communion Service.
|
|
|
|
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1549
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First
Prayer Book of Edward VI, and Act of Uniformity passed.
Northumberland Protector.
|
|
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1552
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Somerset
executed. Second Prayer Book of Edward VI. and Uniformity Act. Chantries
guilds etc suppressed.
|
|
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Julius
III. 1550
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Council of Trent, second main session 1551-2;
|
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1553
|
The XLII
Articles produced.
Within
weeks of Mary`s accession many prelates replaced by those of the `true
faith`.
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Mary I
1553-58
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Servitus burnt by Calvin in Geneva.
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The Catholic Reaction 1553- 1558.
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1554
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June.Wyatt`s
insurrection
July, Marriage of Mary and Philip of Spain November. Reconciliation
with Rome Surrender to papacy.
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|
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1555
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Southwark Commission (January). Martyrdoms begin (February).
Latimer and
Ridley burnt at Oxford 15 Oct.
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|
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Marcellus III for 3 weeks.
Paul VI.1555
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Frankfort dispute -emergence of `Puritans.`
Treaty of Augsburg
did not recognise Calvinism. leading to conflict especially in Germany.
|
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1556
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Cranmer burnt at Oxford (21 March) .
Seditious writings of Protestant exiles.
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Cardinal
Reginald Pole (22 March 1556-18 Nov 1558.)
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Paul VI a reformer in Church of
Rome.
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1557
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Geneva
Testament.
Famine and pestilence in England.
New Testament with numbered verse;
Psalms pub.
|
|
|
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Philip
of Spain embroils England in war with France. Charles V retires to a
monastery.
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1558
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Death of
Mary (17 November). Death of Cardinal Pole (18 November).
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|
|
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Death of
Charles V. England loses Calais.
|
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Protestantism Re-established 1558.
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1559
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Royal
supremacy restored. Second revision of Book of Common Prayer issued with
Act of Uniformity. Court of High Commission appointed. Statutes against
heresy repealed.
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Elizabeth I
1558-1603
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Matthew Parker 1559-75.
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Pius IV
1559
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1559 Pius IV progresses first index
of prohibited publicationa Tridentine Index published 1564.
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1560
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Scots Regent, Mary of Guise dies
Presbyterianism established in
Scotland. Elizabeth supportive.
“Geneva Bible” published.
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1560
Death of Melanchthon.
1561 Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots, returned to Scotland from France.
17 August 1560 Reformation in Scotland.
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1562
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Jewel`s
Apology for the Church of England published. Second Book of
Homilies.
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1562 Death of Peter Martyr.
Council of Trent third main session.
Wars of Religion in France 1562-95.
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1563
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Foxe`s
Book of Martyrs published.
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Council
of Trent closed. Confirmed direction of Church for many years to come.
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1564
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Advertisements concerning Vestments. Thirty seven London clergy decline to
conform to clerical vestments.
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Death of Calvin
27 May 1564
1565
Beza`s Latin Testament published.
English college at Douai founded.
1567 Mary, Queen of Scots deposed; flees to England 1568.
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1568
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Bishop`s
Bible published.
Miles Coverdale (1486-1568) died.
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Pius V
1565
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Persecution of Protestants by Alva in Netherlands (Spanish province),18,000 killed.
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1569
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Catholic
revolt in North of England (in support of Mary, Queen of Scots).
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1570
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Pope
excommunicates Queen Elizabeth. Thomas Cartwright expelled from Cambridge .
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1571
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Philip
of Spain and Ridolfi plot to put Mary, Queen of Scots on the throne of
England.
Severe laws against Catholics. Elizabeth sanctions the XXXIX Articles
.
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1572
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Parliament demands death of Mary, Queen of Scots.(exec. 1587).
Knox dies, 24 November 1572.
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Gregory XIII, 1572.
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St Bartholomew`s Day Massacre –
24 August 1572.
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1576
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Bible banned by Abp Parker. (amended
side Notes).
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1576 Catholic League in Europe led
by Guise family. Machinations to aid Mary QoS.
1578 Roman Catholic revision Louvain
Bible pub.
1579 Seven northern provinces of Netherlands unite to form Dutch Republic.
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1581
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Law
against Recusants following influx of Jesuits.
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Edmund Grindel 1576-83
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1582
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Throckmorton`s plot to kill Elizabeth and reinstate papal rule.
Court of High Commission pursues Puritans.
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1582 Gregorian Calendar introduced.
Roman Catholic trans. Rheims -Douai
Bible.(NT Rheims 1582; OT Douai 1609-10).
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1584
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John Whitgift 1583-1604.
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James VI Scotland asserts Divine
Right and his supremacy of the church in Scotland.
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1586
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Babington`s plot in support of Mary, Queen of Scots.
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Sixtus V 1585
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1587
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Mary, Queen of Scots, executed.18 Feb.
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1588
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Spanish
Armada defeated.
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Definitive Geneva Bible pub.
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1598
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1593-1600 Irish rebellions under
O`Neill, Earl of Tyrone.
1593 Henry IV of France becomes Catholic.
Rene Descartes (1596-1650) born
1598 Edict of Nantes French Protestants guaranteed religious freedom
(until 1685 when revoked by Louis XIV and persecution of the Huguenots ).
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1599-1602
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Irish
revolt, Essex fails to resolve it. Mountjoy succeeds.
1601 Elizabethan Poor Law.
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Urban VII 1590
Gregory XIV 1590
Innocent IX 1591
Clement VIII 1592
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1600 English East India Company
founded.
1602 Dutch East India Company founded.
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1603
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Elizabeth I dies. James Stuart, VI of Scotland and I of England.
Great Britain formed Protestantism
secured but Divine Right
policies of Stuart Kings exacerbate religious issues .
Millenary Petition.
1604 Hampton Court Conference.
Puritans disappointed.
1685 Charles II dies a papist.
1685-8 James II tries to reintroduce papacy first by stealth, then
imposition. Results in the “Glorious
Revolution” of 1688-90.
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James
VI/I
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Richard Bancroft
1604 -10
George Abbot 1611-33
William Laud 1633 -45
Wm, Juxon 1660-63
Gilbert Sheldon 1663-70
Wm. Sancroft 1678-90
John Tillotson 1691-94
Thos Tenison
1695-1715.
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1622 Gregory XV founded Sacred
Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith aka the Propaganda.
Seeks to bring Catholic Missions under Vatican control.
Blaise Pascal (1623 -1662)
Religious thinker.-truth through the heart.
Letters published as “Thoughts” (Pensees)
Political events in Europe 1493-1621
Time Line for
Scotland 1600-1837.
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Last amended
18/07/2011
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