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Chronology of the Reformation in Europe.
1175
Peter Waldo of Lyons, and his `Poor Men`.
1180
First translation of New Testament into Romault,
made available by Waldo.
1184
Pope Lucius III decreed bishops to hold inquisition and
heretics handed to secular power for punishment. Pattern
for the future.
1275
Inquisitor Reynerius alleges heresy against Waldensians.
1332
Inquisitors in the valleys of Lucarna and Perosa.
1378-1410 “Great Schism” of Roman Church
(three Popes).
1483. Birth of Luther, November 10.
1484. Birth of Zwingli, January 1.
1487-9
Innocent VIII acts against Waldensians, led by Cataneo
who is twice defeated. 3000 Waldensians suffocated
by smoke in a cavern in Vale de Loyse in assault by La
Palu.
1497. Birth of Melanchthon, February 16.
1500. Birth of Charles V. February 24.
The Adagia of Erasmus published.
1501. Luther matriculated at Erfurt.
Zwingli matriculated at Basle.
1503. Death of Alexander VI, August 18.
Election of Julius II, October 3!.
Luther takes MA. at Erfurt.
Enters Augustinian convent, July 17.
1506-I6. Zwingli parish priest at Glarus.
1507. Luther ordained priest.
1508. Luther sent to the University of Wittenberg
The Chilides Adagiorum of Erasmus printed
League of Cambray, December 10.
1509 Birth of Calvin. July 10.
1510. Bull Liquet omnibus, January 11.
Julius II comes to terms with Venice.
William Farel in Paris, disciple of Jacques Lefevre.
1511 Erasmus teaches Greek at Cambridge.
The Encomium Moriae published.
Opening of the 2nd Council of Pisa,
Luther sent to Rome, October,
1512. Opening of the 5th Lateran Council.
Luther a Doctor of Theology, October 19.
Lefevre preaching reformation in France.
William Briconnet,Bp. of Meaux reforming his see,
1513. Death of Julius II, February 20.
Election of Leo X, April 11.
Luther lectures on the Psalms.
Denmark refuses to acknowledge Christopher II.
1515. Accession of Francis I
Epistolae Obscurorum Vivorum.
Arcimboldus papal legate in Sweden.
1516. Erasmus’s Greek Testament published at Basle,
February.
Luther lectures on Romans and Galatians.
1516-18. Zwingli people’s priest at Einsiedeln.
1517. Leo X closes the 5th Lateran Council, March 16.
Publication of Luther’s 95 Theses, October 31.
Complutensian Greek Testament completed.
1518. Luther’s humble appeal to Leo X, May.
Luther before Cajetan at Augsburg, October.
1519. Death of the Emperor Maximilian, January 19.
Luther’s submissive letter to Leo X, March 3.
Birth of Beza, June 24.
Election of Charles V, June 28.
Luther’s disputation with Eck at Leipzig, July, rejects
papal supremacy,
Luther’s commentary on Galatians, September.
1519-31. Zwingli people’s priest at Zurich.
1520. Death of Raffaelle, April 6.
Hutten’s Vadiscus and Inspicientes, April.
Bull Exsurge Domine, against Luther, June 15.
Luther’s Three Primary Treatises, August-October.
Luther’s urgent appeal to Leo X, October 13.
Luther burns the Bull and the Decretals, December 12.
Nicholas Martin preaching in Copenhagen,
Bp. Briconnet of Meaux, France, issues mandate vs
slothful
cures and mendicant Franciscan friars.
1521 Luther at the Diet of Worms, April 16-26
Taken to the Wartburg, May 4.
Under the Ban of the Empire, May.
Communion in both kinds at Wittenberg, September.
Death of Leo X, December 1.
Melanchthon’s Loci Communes Rerum
Theologicarum.
Margaret of Valois, sister of Francis I, receives Bible.
1522. Election of Adrian VI, January 9.
The Colloquies of Erasmus published.
Luther returns to Wittenberg first Friday in Lent.
Issues part I of his Kirchenpostille.
Complutensian Greek Testament published.
New Testament in French (at Meaux) October 30
1523. Letter of Adrian VI to Zwingli. January 23.
First public disputation at Zurich, January 29.
Death of Adrian VI, September 14.
Luther’s translation of the New Testament published.
September 21.
Election of Clement VII, November 19.
Gustavus Vasa elected King of Sweden.
Olaf Paterson produces New Testament in Swedish.
Louis de Berquin urges reform on his tenants in
France.
1524. Luther’s collection of hymns.
Letter of Erasmus to Henry VIII, September
Erasmus’s Dc Libero Arbitrio, September 6.
Insurrection of the peasants in Germany.
New Testament in Danish produced.
Entire New Testament in French pub.at Meaux.
1525. Francis I taken prisoner at Pavia, February 24.
Twelve Articles of the peasants. March.
Luther tries to check the insurrection. April.
Death of the Elector, Frederick the Wise, May 5.
Luther denounces the rebellious peasants. May.
Munzer defeated at
Frankenhausen, May 15.
executed May 30.
Marriage of Luther with Katharina von Bora, 13 June.
Luther’s apology to Henry VIII, September 1.
Luther’s De Servo Arbitrio, December.
Anabaptists in Switzerland
Psalms of David produced in French.
1526-29. Organisation of the Lutheran congregations
Visitation of parishes in Saxony. Martin Gonin represents Waldensians on
visits to Reformers.
1526. First Diet of Speyers,
Germany opened June 26.
Taussanus freed to preach in Viborg, Denmark.
1527 Sack of Rome, May 6, Clement taken prisoner.
Birth of Philip II of Spain. May 2’.
Debate on “Unhappy Helvetia” in Berne.
Toleration ordered in Denmark.
Estates at Westeras order seizure of papist church
assets and land in Sweden, June.
1528. Disputation at Berne between Zwinglians and Romanists
January.
Berne and St Gall Reformed.
1529. Vasa Crowned in Sweden, 15 January.
Second Diet of Speyers.
“Protest” of the minority April 19.
Forest Cantons league with Austria 23 April.
Luther’s Shorter and Longer Catechisms.
Colloquy at Marburg between Zwinglians and
Lutherans, October.
Basle Reformed/
Schaffhausen Reformed.
Zwingli proposes a Reformed Confederacy.
Swedish Estates at Oerbro decree a Reformed religion.
1530 Diet of Augsburg. June; Charles V presided.
Confession of Augsburg. June 25.
Recess of Augsburg, November 19.
Emissaries of the churches of Provence and Dauphine
to Switzerland and Germany.
1531 League of Schamalkald, February 27.
Ferdinand, brother of Charles V, crowned King of the
Romans.
Forest Cantons defeat Zurich at Kappel.
Death of Zwingli
at Kappel, October 11.
1531-4. Translation of the Old Testament into German.
1532. Peace of Nuremberg, July 23.
Farel arrives at Geneva, October 4.
Waldensian synod at Chamferans ;their Confession of
Faith with minor amendments agreed with Reformers.
Translation of New Testament into French.
15311532–33 Conversion of Calvin to Protestantism.
1533. Address of Nicolas Cops, November 1, Flight of
Calvin.
1534. First edition of the complete German Bible.
Anabaptist rising in Munster.
Peace of Kadan, June 29.
Society of Jesuits founded by Loyola, August 15.
Death of Clement VII, September 25.
Election of Paul lII, October 13.
Final flight of Calvin from Paris.,
end of July
Christopher III elected to throne of Denmark.
Du Bellay contacts Bucer and Melanchthon regarding a
chimerical notion of union of Rome and Protestantism
planned by Francis I. July.
Night of the placards against the mass, 24 Oct.
Martyrdoms begin.
1535. Luther begins to lecture on Genesis.
Calvin dedicates the Christianae Religionis
Institutio to Francis I, August 23.
Fox, Heath, and Barnes reach Wittenberg, December,
1536. The Christianae Religionis Institutio published.
The Wittenberg Concord with Bucer and Capito,
May 22-29.
Death of Erasmus at Basle, July 12.
Calvin arrives at Geneva, August 5.
1537 Luther at Schmalkald, February 7-28.
1538. Calvin and Farel expelled from Geneva, April 23.
1539. Cardinal Sadoleto’s letter to Geneva, March 18.
Calvin’s reply to Sadoleto, September I.
Death of Duke George of Saxony.
Norway follows Reform in Denmark.
1539-4. Revision of the German Bible.
1540. Bigamy of Philip, Landgrave of Hesse.
Society of Jesuits approved by Paul lII,September 27.
Bishop Gisser Enerson introduces reform in Iceland.
Calvin married Idellete van Buren.
1541. Colloquy of Ratisbon, April 27-May 22;
Charles V presided.
Calvin returns to Geneva, September 13.
Clement Marot produces 30 Psalms in metre that can
be sung.
1542. Luther consecrates Nicolas von Amsdorf, Bishop of
Naumburg, January.
Third Diet of Speyers opened, February 9.
Inquisition established at Rome by Paul III, July 21.
1543. Attempted reforms of Hermann,Archbishop of
Cologne.
Marot produces 20 more Psalms in meter.
Enlarged Psalter pub. in Geneva, foreword by Calvin.
1544. Third edition of Luther’s German Bible.
Fourth Diet of Speyers opened by Charles V,
February 20.
Peace of Crespy, September 18.
1545. Luther concludes his lectures on Genesis, November 8.
End of his University career.
Opening of the Council of Trent, December.
1546. Council of Trent meets for business, January 7.
Luther’s last sermon at Wittenberg, January 14.
Luther’s last sermon, February 14.
Death of Luther, February 18.
Diet of Ratisbon.
Schmalkaldic War.
1547. Death of Henry VIII, January 28.
Death of Francis I, March 31.
Defeat of the Protestants at Muhlberg, April 24.
The Council moves from Trent to Bologna.
Diet of Augsburg.
Constitution for Reformed
church in Denmark.
1548.
The Interim, settlement of Augsburg, May 15.
1549. Council of Trent (Bologna) prorogued September 17.
Death of Paul III, November 10.
Calvin`s wife died.
1550. Election of Julius III, February 7.
1551. Death of Bucer, February 28.
Council of Trent reopened, May I.
1552. Council of Trent suspended, April 28.
Death of Maurice of Saxony.
1553. Death of Edward VI, July 6.
Servetus burned at Geneva October 27.
1554. Marriage of Philip of Spain and Mary Tudor, July.
1555. Death of Julius III, March 23.
Pope Marcellus II reigned 21 days.
Election of Paul IV, May 23.
Peace of Augsburg, September 25.
Abdication of Charles V, October 25.
War between Paul IV and Philip II.
Death of Ignatius Loyola, July 31.
1557 Edict of Compiegne against Calvinists, July.
1558
Calais recovered from England by France 8 Jan.
4000 Protestants march in Paris, 13 May
Death of Charles V. September 21.
1559. Death of Paul IV, August 19.
Beza Rector of Geneva Academy.
1560. Election of Pius IV, January 6.
Reformation in Scotland – Presbytery adopted.
1561. University founded at Douay by Philip II.
Coronation child king Charles IX at Rheims,15 May.
Colloquy of Poissy ends 13 Oct.
1562. Council re-opens at Trent, January 18.
Death of Peter Martyr at Zurich, November 12.
First Religious war in France 1562-4; continues on/off
till 1598.
1563. Peace
of Amboise, limited toleration in France.
Francoise of Guise, leader of the French Catholics,
assassinated by Poltrot de Mere. February 18.
Close of the Council of Trent, December 4.
1564. Calvin’s last sermon, February 6
Death of Calvin, May 27.
1566
Violent outbreaks in Spanish Netherlands, Philip of
Spain exacts retribution on Flemish Protestants.
1570
Treaty of St Germaine,8 Aug. Limited toleration in
France.
1572
Huguenot expedition into northern Netherlands
from France decimated by waiting Spanish troops.
17 July.
Massacre of Huguenots, St Bartholomews Day,
24 August.
1574
Charles IX of France dies. 30 May.
Henry of Poland becomes Henry III of France,
effectively abandons Polish crown.
1576
Peace of Beaulieu, aka La Paix de Monsieur, 6 May.
Protestants triumphant; virtual parity with Catholics.
1577 Sixth Religious War in France. 3000 Huguenots
massacred at La Charite sur Loire 2 May.
1580
Huguenots revolt in Montauban. Peace of Fleix, 26
Nov. earthquake, possibly cholera, violent storms, and
plague kill between 30,000 and 140,000 people.
1584-88 Catholic Leagues argue over succession in France,
in favour of Bourbon (Guise family)
against King of
Navarre; also agreeing on extirpation of Protestantism.
France divided, edge of all out civil war.
1585
Treaty of Nemours 7 July effectively banned
Protestantism in France. Navarre excluded from
succession. Pope Sixtus V excommunicates him.
Navarre retaliates and excommunicates the Pope.
War of the Three Henri`s (Valois, Guise and Navarre).
1587
French Outrage at execution of Mary QoS 18 Feb.
Philip of Spain seeks French (Guise) support for
Armada – ports, supplies, troops access. Navarre
defeats Guise army at Coutras (20 October). German
troops going to aid Navarre defeated by Guise forces at
Vimory (26 Oct) and Auneau (24 November).
1588
Spanish Armada destroyed by English navy, and bad
weather. Guise faction control Paris, Henry III forced to
flee to Chartres (May). Act of Union 21 July
recognised League under Guise. Cardinal de Bourbon
Henry`s heir. Henry,Duke of Guise assassinated 23
Dec. Charles, Cardinal of Lorraine and Guise murdered
in prison cell, 24 Dec.
1589
Catherine de Medici, Dowager Queen , died 5 Jan.
King Henry III and Navarre allied. Henry assassinated
2 Aug by Jacques Clement, Dominican friar. Navarre
becomes Henry IV.
1593
Henry IV reverts to Catholicism 23 July.
1594
Henry IV returns to Paris,22 March.
1598 Edict of Nantes – peaceful coexistence of Catholics and
Protestants.
1599 Marriage of Henry IV and Margot annulled.
1600
Henry married Maria de Medici of Tuscany – mother of
Louis XIII (1601), also Henrietta Maria future wife of
Charles I of England.
1610 Henry IV assassinated by Catholic zealot Francois
Ravaillac (May).
Time
Line in England 1485 -1603.
Political
events in Europe (Table) 1493-1621.
28/07/2011
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