David Hackston.
Although
a lesser light among the Covenanters in terms of preaching , David
Hackston of Rathillet, stands tall among the soldiers of the
Covenant as the leader of “The Cameronians “ as
the armed
supporters of Richard Cameron became known. Hackston came from an old Scottish and
reasonably well off family in the Parish of Kilmany, Fife whose
ancestry goes back to Sir John de Haukerston who swore fealty
to King Edward I in 1296. The area is also known as Halkertoun
and the family name was often given as Halkerston. David Hackston
or Halkerston was heir to his father James on 3 March 1670 and
on his death in 1680 the estates passed to his nephew Robert
Halkerston. David Hackstone was present at two Declarations – the
Sanquhar Declaration and the Rutherglen Declaration , and was
likely to have been at many other important events doing his
duty as the able lieutenant and bodyguard. As a soldier of the
Covenant he was present at the Magus Moor assassination of
Archbishop Sharp; he fought valiantly at Drumclog ; Bothwell Brig
and Ayrsmoss. But he rests in memory as having suffered a
dreadful death for his beliefs and doing his duty.
Magus
Moor Saturday 3rd May 1679
We
first come across David Hackston the soldier in 1679 when he
was a member of a group of Covenanters who had determined to
chastise William Carmichael, a drunken and dissolute magistrate
who had been appointed to be Sheriff depute of
Fife. He had been particularly energetic pursuing Covenanters
and was not averse to brutality or from filling his own pockets with
illegal fines.
It is not clear whether they intended to kill the Sheriff or
merely frighten him off, be that as it may, but on the day
fortune seemed to conspire against them and their quarry eluded
them.
Thus
about midday on Saturday 3rd of May 1679 the party were at
Ceres saying their goodbyes prior to dispersing when a farm boy
came running to them with the news that the Archbishop Sharp
himself would be passing in a few minutes. After brief discussion
Hackston was elected leader for the new challenge but he
declined on the grounds that he had a known private grievance
with Archbishop Sharp ( concerning rents) and it
would detract from the testimony of
action taken by the Covenanters.
John
Balfour of Kinloch, nicknamed Burley, who was David Hackston`s
brother in law, took the lead and rode to intercept the coach
closely followed by James Russell of Kettle, George Fleming and
George Balfour; David Hackston, Andrew and Alexander Henderson,
William Daniel and Andrew Gillan.. They knew that the Archbishop`s
daughter, Isabel, was in the coach and were anxious to avoid
harm coming to her and demanded that Sharp come out of the
coach . But he refused to do so, and in anger Fleming and
George Balfour shot at him seated within, while others thrust at
him with their swords. Seemingly , despite this onslaught , Sharp
was not injured and was given away by his daughter sobbing “
there`s life yet “
Balfour
told Sharp that they were not slaying him from personal malice
but for causing the death of Covenanters, They shot at him
again in the coach and one stabbed him. Finally Sharp emerged
and crawled to the mounted figure of Hackston to ask for
protection . Hackston said that he would not lay a hand upon him
and the others with swords drawn turned to complete their deed. Too
late Hackston tried to intercede but the murder on Magus Moor
had taken place and there would soon be a terrible vengance
exacted for it. Not only for David Hackston but for five
prisoners taken at Bothwell Brig who had nothing whatsoever to
do with the assassination who were hanged on Magus Muir on 25
November 1681 in retribution. The five were Thomas Brown, James Wood,
Andrew Sword, John Waddel and John Clyd.
Drumclog
Sunday 1st June 1679
On the
29th May 1679 at aboiut seven o`clock in the evening some
seventy or eighty armed men appeared in the streets of Rutherglen
led by Sir Robert Hamilton , in whose company road David Hackston,
John Balfour and James Russell. It was a day of celebration for
The King`s Restoration and a bonfire was blazing in the street
which the men doused. They went to the Town Cross and there
read a declaration condemning the government for its actions
since 1660 and then, lighting their own fire, burnt the Acts of
Parliament and of the Privy Council which had been against the
Covenanters.
John
Claverhouse and his troops were at Falkirk and, hearing of the
demonstration, immediately set out to arrest the perpetrators. On
the way he seized a Presbyterian chaplain and some fourteen
other people who were tied together in pairs and driven along
in front of the horsemen. They had stopped for the night at
Strathaven when Claverhouse learnt of a proposed conventicle
nearby at Loudon Hill. where Thomas Douglas was due to preach and
he decided to attack it the following morning, Sunday 1st June.
However,
Claverhouse was suprised to find that there was an armed look
out who gave warning to the assembled throng, and that there
were others present with arms. These included Sir Robert Hamilton
with his Rutherglen bodyguard, Henry Hall of Haughead, William
Cleland of Douglas, John Balfour, James Russell and David Hackston.
In all there were some forty horsemen, fifty footmen carrying
guns and about 150 with ancient halberds and farm pitchforks
who had girded their loins to do battle with roughly the same
number of troops.
The
Covenanters had chosen their ground well and the bog that lay
between them and Claverhouse came quickly to their assistance.
Claverhouses troopers were unable to find a way through and
struggled in the morass while the Covenanters , knowing their way
through the better, charged upon them furiously. In no time at
all the troopers were overcome and they turned and fled with
Claverhouse among them, not stopping until they had reached
Glasgow and the protection of Lord Ross`s regiment. Thus ended
the Covenanter victory at Drumclog
Bothwell
Brig Sunday 22 June 1679
Now
filled with the taste of victory the numbers of the
Covenanting army grew rapidly to about six thousand. With
hindsight one wonders if the gallant band had pursued Claverhouse
into Glasgow, where the Covenanters had supporters, they might
have forced him to flee to Edinburgh. But they did not and
before the Covenanters returned to Glasgow Lord Ross had time to
barricade the main streets and placed musketeers at vantage
points. On the Monday morning the Covenanters appeared and split
into two parties but their assault was futile and was repulsed.
There
followed a lull in activity until the morning of Friday 6th
June when the strengthened Covenanter forces drew up outside
Glasgow. and awaited the orders of their leader, Sir Robert
Hamilton of Preston and Fingalton. What followed , however, was
great dissension among the people brought about by Hamilton`s
stubborn insistence that he would not accept in his army those
who had accepted the Indulgences (concessions by the Crown
that allowed Presbyterian ministers to return to their churches
and preach under certain severe conditions ). While the arguements
and dissension went on the Royalist numbers increased to about
15,000 as support arrived from London led by King Charles` son,
the Duke of Monmouth.
Despite
last minute entreaties Hamilton finally gave battle even though
his force had shrunken by several thousands because of his
stubborn refusal of help from other Presbyterians. The
Covenanters did their best but badly led and unsupported in the
field it was left to the likes of David Hackston to hold the
Bothwell Bridge for many hours. With but three hundred men of
Galloway they fought most valiantly to hold their ground; they
begged for reinforcements, but none came; they pleaded for more
ammunition but none came. Hamilton finally gave the order to
fall back and Hackston and his warriors did so followed, much
to Hackstons`s discontent, by the Royalist artillery that they had
fought so hard to contain and which would soon cut the
Covenanters to pieces.
So
Bothwell Brig was lost through bad management, stubborn pride,
divisiveness and self interest. Over four hundred Covenanters died,
and about twelve hundred were taken prisoner. Two ministers were
executed at the Mercat Cross; five Covenanters who had nothing
whatsoever to do with the assassination of Archbishop Sharp were
taken to Magus Moor and executed. There followed the ordeal of
imprisonment in the Greyfriars Prison from which some escaped,
several hundred were released on their pledge of good behaviour,
and the residual two hundred and fifty seven condemned to
slavery and sent aboard the ill fated
“ Crown “ bound for the
American colonies.
Ayrsmoss
So we
come to the last battle of David Hackston who was in the
party totalling about 60 that travelled with Richard Cameron on
Thursday 22 July 1680 . They were suprised by about 120 troops
under Bruce of Earlshall . Richard Cameron and his brother Michael
were killed along with seven others.; five were captured and of
these two died of their wounds. The killed were :
Rev Richard Cameron Michael Cameron
John Gemmel John Hamilton
James Gray Robert
Dick
Capt. John Fowler Thomas Watson
Robert Paterson
Among
the prisoners was David Hackston who in the fight had wounded
many and was finally taken by three dragoons who attacked from
behind while he fought another with sword in hand. In no time
the prisoners were taken to Edinburgh in a caravan of soldiers
rejoicing in their victory and displaying the hacked off head
of Richard Cameron to the people. Two died on the way leaving
Archibald Alison of Evandale and John Malcolm of St Johns Dalry
who were executed on 13 August 1680; and, their leader David
Hackston for whom an especially grisly execution was ordered.
He was sentenced to a barbarous and revengeful death. – to
be drawn backwards on a hurdle to the Mercat Cross and there :
“ at the
cross of Edinburgh, and there upon a high scaffold erected a
little above the cross have his right hand struck off and after
some time to have his left hand struck off, and then to be hanged up
and cut down alive, and the bowels taken out, and his heart to be shown to
the people by the hand of the hangman, and his heart and bowels to be
burnt in the presence of the people, in a fire prepared for that purpose
upon the scaffold, and afterwards to have his head cut off, and his body
divided into four quarters, and his head to be affixed on the Netherbow,
and one of his quarters with both of his hands to be affixed at St
Andrews, another quarter at Glasgow, the third at Leith , the fourth at
Burntisland, and that none presume to be in mourning for him, nor he to
have a coffin, and that none be on the scaffold with him but two baillies,
four officers, the executioner and his servants, and this sentence to be
put in execution against him this thirtieth day of July instant,betwixt
three and five o`clock in the afternoon. And ordained his name, fame,
memory; and honours to be extinct, and his arms to be riven and delete
furth of the books of arms, so that his posterity may never be able to
bruick
[ hold ]
or joyse [ enjoy ] any lands, heritage, titles of dignities.within this
realm in time comming.
[Quoted
from the original order by Rev J H Thomson in `The Martyr Graves
of Scotland ` ]
His
head was fixed alongside Richard Cameron`s at the Netherbow gate
and both were lifted higher than other martyred souls displayed
there..
How
perverse it is that this vile manner of execution by hanging,
drawing and quartering, seems to be reserved for the bravest of
the brave like David Hackston who had this death in common with
another Scottish warrior , the great Sir William Wallace.
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